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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(3): 841-847, Sept. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-577194

ABSTRACT

Anterior access to the L1-L5 vertebrae and disc spaces can be technically challenging, frequently requiring the use of an approach to a surgeon for an adequate exposure. The technique is used for lesion excision, corpectomy, vertebral body reconstruction with cages, realignment, and/or plating or screwing. For a successful anterior approach and a suitable instrumental design via screw, adequate morphometric knowledge about body of lumbar vertebrae and disc spaces and standardized volumetric data are also required for neurosurgeons. We aimed morphometric and volumetric evaluation of lumbar bodies and discs to contribute to a safe anterior approach during surgery. We evaluated vertebral body and disc morphometry using stereology in right-handed 25 adult subjects on MRI in the same population with no history of vertebral fractures and degenerative spinal disease. The shape, defining concavity index and volumetric measurements of the body L1-L5 vertebrae, morphometric parameters such as length, height, width of the vertebral body were measured. Also morphometric and volumetric analysis of discs between L1 and L5 were evaluated selected axial and sagittal slices. As expected, the average dimensions of male vertebrae are greater than those of females, but most of them do not differ statistically. Only three dimensions, the mean difference between anterior and central heights of L3, L4 and L5 showed statistically significant difference, indicating smaller central height in both males and females.The transverse and anterior-posterior diameters of the vertebral body, intervertebral disc height and volume displayed no sexual dimorphism (p>0.05). But, the intervertebral disc height and volume increased from L1 to L5 (p <0.01). Concavity indexes for all lumbar vertebrae for both sexes did not differ statistically. The method is important to estimate applying implant size and amount in decompression operations for neurosurgeons.


El acceso anterior a las vértebras L1-L5 y espacios entre los discos puede ser técnicamente difícil, con frecuencia requiere la participación de un cirujano para una exposición adecuada. La técnica se utiliza para la extirpación de la lesión, corpectomía, la reconstrucción del cuerpo vertebral con jaulas, realineamiento y / o placas o tornillos. Para un enfoque exitoso anterior y un diseño adecuado instrumental a través de tornillo, un acabado conocimiento sobre la morfometría del cuerpo de las vértebras lumbares y de los espacios entre los discos y la evaluación volumétrica son necesarias para el neurocirujano. El objetivo fue la evaluación morfométrica y volumétrica de los cuerpos lumbares y los discos, para contribuir al abordaje seguro durante la cirugía. Se evaluó en 25 sujetos adultos, diestros, sin antecedentes de fracturas vertebrales y de enfermedad degenerativa espinal, el cuerpo vertebral y la morfometría del disco mediante estereología con RM. La forma de las vértebras, el índice de concavidad y la definición de las medidas volumétricas de los cuerpos L1-L5. Además, se midieron los parámetros morfométricos como longitud, altura, ancho del cuerpo vertebral. Se efectuó un análisis morfométrico y volumétrico de loss cortes axiales y sagitales de los discos entre L1 y L5. Como era de esperar, las dimensiones promedio de las vértebras en los hombres fueron mayores que en las mujeres, pero la mayoría de ellos no son estadísticamente significativas. Sólo tres dimensiones, la diferencia promedio entre la altura anterior y central de las vertebras L3, L4 y L5 mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, indicando menor altura central tanto en los hombres como en las mujeres. Los diámetros transversal y anteroposterior del cuerpo vertebral, la altura del disco intervertebral y el volumen no mostraron dimorfismo sexual (p> 0,05). Sin embargo, aumentaron la altura del disco intervertebral y el volumen de L1 a L5 (p< 0,01). Los índices de concavidad...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Intervertebral Disc/anatomy & histology , Lumbar Vertebrae/anatomy & histology , Anthropometry , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(2): 637-642, June 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-577165

ABSTRACT

We aimed to evaluate the relevant methods of stereology to estimate hemicerebellar asymmetry according to sex in both adult right handed vertigo cases and comparing with healthy cases. The study included 14 adult control subjects and 18 patients with vertigo. The volumes of the cerebellar hemispheres were determined by MRI using the point-counting approach of stereological methods. The mean ( +/- SD) of the right cerebellar hemispheres in the patients with vertigo were 52.49 +/-5.42 cm3 in males, 50.11 +/- 4.02 cm3 in females. The mean ( +/- SD) of the left cerebellar hemispheres in the patients with vertigo were 53.11 +/- 3.70 cm3 in males, 49.73 +/- 4.69 cm3 in females. There was not significant quantitative evidence detected in terms of cerebella asymmetry between sagittal plane estimates in the cases with vertigo in both genders (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences according to the genders between both vertigo and control subjects (p>0.05). There was only statistical significance between right and left hemispheres in male control subjects (p=0.039). There was no cerebella asymmetry between control and vertigo cases according to genders. The stereological evaluation of cerebella asymmetry or atrophy in humans correlate with gender is of importance for both clinicians and anatomists. The technique is simple, reliable, inexpensive and unbiased.


Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los métodos relevantes de estereología para estimar la asimetría hemicerebellar según el género, tanto en adultos diestros, casos de vértigo y al compararlos con casos control. El estudio incluyó a 14 sujetos adultos como control y 18 pacientes con vértigo. Los volúmenes de los hemisferios del cerebelo se determinaron en la RM utilizando el recuento de los puntos del método de estereología. La media ( +/- DE) de los hemisferios derecho del cerebelo en los pacientes con vértigo fueron 52,49 +/- 5,42 cm3 en los hombres, 50,11 +/- 4,02 cm3 en las mujeres. La media ( +/- DE) de los hemisferios izquierdo del cerebelo en los pacientes con vértigo fueron 53,11 +/- 3,70 cm3 en los hombres, 49,73 +/- 4,69 cm3 en las mujeres. No hubo evidencia cuantitativa importante detectada en cuanto a la asimetría entre las estimaciones del cerebelo entre plano sagital en los casos con vértigo en ambos sexos (p> 0,05). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas según los géneros entre ambos el vértigo y los sujetos control (p> 0,05). Sólo hubo significancia estadística entre los hemisferios derecho e izquierdo en los sujetos control masculino (p = 0,039). No hubo asimetría entre el cerebelo control y de los casos el vértigo de acuerdo a los géneros. La evaluación de la asimetría estereológica o atrofia del cerebelo en el ser humano se correlaciona con el género es de importancia para los clínicos y anatómicos. La técnica es simple, confiable, de bajo costo e imparcial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Cerebellum/anatomy & histology , Cerebellum/pathology , Sex Characteristics , Vertigo/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Organ Size
3.
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2009; 25 (5): 706-711
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-93596

ABSTRACT

Antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of infections and for empirical treatment purposes. Despite this common consumption of antibiotics, it is difficult to state that antibiotics are chosen and used consciously. This study was planned to determine the prevalence of prescribing antibiotics in Turkey. This cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2003. The study was carried out in a total of 46 primary care health centers of the following cities; Central Anatolian, Western Anatolian, Eastern Anatolian regions. Two hundred sixty seven physicians participated in the study, 38.9% [104] of which were women and 61.1% [163] were men. The proportion of antibiotic prescription was by 22,6%, and the most frequently chosen antibiotics were 15.6% [3301] Amoxycilline+Clavulanic acid [Amox/Clav], 15.1% [3184] Ampicilline+Sulbactam 12.84% [2711], respectively. When prescriptions with antibiotics were evaluated according to diagnosis, the most frequent diagnoses were found to be as follows: 53.3% [11430] Acute Upper Respiratory Infections, 16.4% [3516] Urinary Tract Infections. The findings of the study suggest that primary healthcare physicians most often prescribe for acute respiratory tract infections, and prescribe Amoxycilline+Clavunic the most. It may be argued that more extensive studies are needed in this field


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Prevalence , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Prescription Drugs , Primary Health Care , Practice Management, Medical , Cross-Sectional Studies , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Physicians, Family
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